两种土壤类型下施氮量对水稻产量的影响

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield in Two Types of Soil

为了解决生产上氮肥施用过量、氮素利用率偏低等问题,在白浆土、草甸黑土两种不同土壤条件下设5个氮肥梯度进行试验,并对肥料和产量进行回归分析,确定合理的施肥范围及其肥料利用率,并用SPAD指标进行田间氮素盈缺快速诊断,为水稻生产提供理论支持。研究结果表明,白浆土氮素利用率高于草甸黑土,通过回归拟合得到白浆土、草甸黑土的最高产量分别为95344.0 kg hm-2、8913.8 kg hm-2,最佳施肥量138.2 kg hm-2、157.4 kg hm-2,分蘖盛期SPAD阈值分别为37.6~41.6、43.8~44.0,齐穗期SPAD阈值38.3~42.4、43.1~44.2,白浆土条件下水稻氮素吸收总量、氮吸收利用率、氮农学利用率、氮生理利用率要高于草甸黑土,而籽粒含氮量、氮偏生产率草甸黑土要高于白浆土。

In order to resolve the problem of excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer and lower nitrogen utilization, the regression analysis was used for researching on the fertilizer and yield by setting five N fertilizer treatments under two soil types which contain Albic soil and black meadow soil. And the reasonable fertilization area, utilization rate and rapid diagnostic of field nitrogen were determined by SPAD index. The results indicated that the fertilizer utilization rate of the Albic soil was higher than the black meadow soil. The highest yields of the Albic soil and the black meadow soil obtained by regression analysis were separately 9534 kg hm-2, 8913.8 kg hm-2, and the optimum amounts of nitrogen were 138.2 kg hm-2, 157.4 kg hm-2, respectively. Meanwhile, the thresholds of SPAD were 35.0-38.54,30.5-33.6 in the peak of tillering stage, respectively. In a word, the total utilization rate, agronomic efficiency and physiological use efficiency of nitrogen were higher in Albic soil than black meadow soil. However, black meadow soil had the higher N content in kernel and partial factor productivity.