添加小麦秸秆生物质炭对猪粪堆肥腐熟程度及温室气体排放的影响

Effects of Wheat Straw Biochar on Maturity Extent and Greenhouse Gases Emissions during Swine Manure Composting

以猪粪堆肥为对象,研究添加小麦秸秆生物质炭对猪粪高温好氧堆肥腐熟程度和温室气体排放的影响。结果表明,在整个堆肥腐熟过程中,纯猪粪、猪粪与生物质炭分别以12∶1、5∶1和2.3∶1比例混合的堆体达到的最高堆肥温度分别为44℃、58℃、63℃、60℃,其中5∶1和2.3∶1比例混合的处理均比12∶1处理提前2天进入高温腐熟阶段,并且提前5天完成腐熟过程;12∶1和5∶1生物质炭处理可显著降低堆体的EC值,但高比例(2.3∶1)添加下EC值超出堆肥安全施用范围;与CK相比,添加生物质炭处理堆体NH4+-N含量较对照提前11天降到最低值并趋于稳定;堆肥结束时,生物质炭添加比例为12∶1、5∶1和2.3∶1堆体的NO3--N含量分别比对照提高了53.70%、148.36%和27.61%。且堆肥结束后添加生物质炭12∶1、5∶1和2.3∶1比例的堆体全氮损失率较对照分别降低32.07%、60.78%和50.18%;添加生物质炭显著降低堆体CH4排放总量82.03%~96.93%;5∶1和2.3∶1处理的CO2排放总量较对照显著降低20.21%和41.10%,而12∶1处理与CK相比无显著性差异;12∶1和5∶1处理的N2O的排放总量较CK显著提高66.61%和50.11%,而2.3∶1处理比CK显著降低了40.87%。

The effects of wheat straw biochar on maturity extent and greenhouse gases emissions during swine manure thermophilic aerobic composting were investigated. Results showed that the highest temperature of swine manure,swine manure mixed with wheat straw biochar at the ratio of 12∶1, 5∶1, 2.3∶1 were 44 ℃, 58 ℃, 63 ℃ and 60 ℃,respectively. The compost at the rate of 5∶1 and 2.3∶1 reached thermophilic composting stage 2 days ahead, and the period of maturation was shortened by 5 days as compared to treatment at the rate of 12∶1. EC value of biochar compost was significantly reduced except the compost at a ratio of 2.3∶1 The concentration of NH4+-N in biochar compost reached a steady state in 11 days ahead over the control. At the end of composting, NO3--N concentration in the biochar compost at the ratio of 12∶1, 5∶1 and 2.3∶1 were increased by 53.70%, 148.36% and 27.61%, respectively.The loss of total nitrogen of compost was decreased by 32.07% for 12∶1, 60.78% for 5∶1 and 50.18% for 2.3∶1. CH4 emission was significantly decreased by between 82.03% and 96.93%. CO2 emission was decreased by 20.21%(5∶1)and 41.10%(2.3∶1). Whereas, NO2 emission of compost was increased by 66.61% for 12∶1, 50.11% for 5∶1, while reduced by 40.87% for 2.3∶1.