辽宁省耕地分区利用及其高标准农田建设分区研究

Subarea Utilization of Cultivated Land and Zoning of Its High-Standard Farmland Construction in Liaoning Province

高标准农田建设是保障我国粮食安全的关键措施之一,剖析其建设过程中的限制因素对合理安排建设布局的影响就尤为重要。基于对辽宁省耕地地力评价基础数据的分析,本研究构建了包括自然条件、立地条件、土壤管理、耕层理化性状和耕层养分状况等5类15项因素的辽宁省耕地分区利用指标体系,并运用K-means聚类分析法对辽宁省耕地进行了分区,共得到5个Ⅰ级区,10个Ⅱ级区。此外,考虑到当前区域经济发展水平和工程建设的可行性,本研究从中选出3类11项指标作为高标准农田建设分区的限制因素,采用层次分析法确定了各限制因素的权重,利用限制因素组合法和加权求和法确定了各限制因素高、中、低的限制等级,并结合高标准农田建设分区标准将各耕地利用分区中的高标准农田划分为重点、一般、勉强和不宜建设区。研究结果表明,辽宁省高标准农田建设重点宜放在高限制因素较少的辽宁中部和沿海地区,而建设难度较大的辽宁东部和西部地区可适当控制高标准农田建设的投入,注重生态屏障的保护。

High- standard farmland construction was one of the keys to ensuring food security in our country. It was especially important to reasonably arrange the layout of high- standard farmland construction by analyzing the limiting factors. Based on the analysis of the cultivated land fertility in Liaoning Province, this study built an indicator system for subarea utilization of cultivated land by taking 15 evaluation indicators in 5 categories such as natural conditions,site conditions, soil management, physical and chemical properties in arable layer and nutrient conditions in arable layer. Subsequently, the utilization of cultivated land was zoned to 5 first- level and 10 second- level zones by K- means cluster analysis. Considering the current regional economic development and the feasibility of the project construction,in addition, this study selected 11 evaluation indicators in 3 categories from the indicator system as the limiting factors for the zoning of high- standard farmland construction in each cultivated land utilization zone. Meanwhile, the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) was used to determine the weight of limiting factors, and the combination method of limiting factors combined with the weighted summation method was used to divide the limitation levels into high, medium and low levels. Moreover, according to the zoning standard of high- standard farmland construction, four high- standard farmland construction zones, including the key, the general, the reluctant and the inappropriate, were partitioned. This results suggested that the key zone of high- standard farmland construction in Liaoning Province should be arranged in the central and coastal areas due to the fewer high- limiting factors, while the eastern and western areas should not only control the high- standard farmland input, but also pay attention to the protection of the ecological barrier due to the construction difficulties.