秸秆还田对滴灌春小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Straw Return on the Spring Wheat Yield and Soil Fertility under Drip Irrigation

为提高秸秆还田的利用效率,采用大田试验研究了秸秆还田及配肥对小麦产量及土壤理化性状的影响,为干旱区土壤培肥提供科学依据。在常规施肥的基础上设置半量秸秆(S1)、全量秸秆(S2)、有机肥(M)、复混肥(CF)、全量秸秆与有机肥(S2+M)、全量秸秆与复混肥(S2+CF)配施6个处理。结果表明,秸秆配施肥(S2+M)、(S2+CF)对提高小麦的株高、单穗重、穗长和单株穗粒数效果优于单施秸秆处理(S1、S2);秸秆配施肥产量显著高于CK。秸秆配施肥显著降低了0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤容重,提高了0~20 cm土层阳离子交换量,而对20~40 cm影响不显著。秸秆配施肥0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于单施秸秆处理,而单施秸秆处理显著高于单施有机肥和复混肥处理。因此,在施氮、磷肥的基础上全量秸秆还田与有机肥或复混肥配合施用,能更有利于滴灌农田土壤肥力的提升。

The field experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw return and fertilization on wheat yield and soil physical- chemical properties. The research would provide a scientific evidence for soil fertilization in arid area.Six treatments were set up: half straw return(S1); all straw return(S2); organic fertilizer(M); compound fertilizer(CF);all straw return combined with organic fertilizer(S2+M); all straw return combined with compound fertilizer(S2+CF) on the basis of conventional fertilization. Results showed that all straw return combined with organic or compound fertilizer treatments(S2+M, S2+CF) significantly increased plant height, weight per ear, ear length, number of grains per spike and grain yield compared with the only straw return treatment(S1, S2). Wheat yield were significantly higher in the straw return treatments combined with fertilization than that in the control treatment. The straw return treatments combined with fertilization significantly decreased soil bulk density in the 0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm soil, and cation exchange capacity(CEC) in 0 to 20 cm soil. But CEC in 20 to 40 cm soil was not significantly affected by straw return. Organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content were significantly higher in the straw return treatments combined with fertilization than in that the only straw return treatments. In conclusion, all the straw return treatments combined with organic or compound fertilizer applications were beneficial to improve soil fertility of drip irrigation farmland.