绿肥与苗木间种改良苗圃盐碱地的研究

Effect of Winter Green Manure on Improving Saline-alkali Nursery Garden Land

利用盐碱苗圃地树苗行间空地种植耐盐绿肥作物毛叶苕子和二月兰,生产有机物料并就地翻压还田,不仅改良盐碱土壤物理性状,还提升土壤肥力。连续种植绿肥并翻压三年后,土壤中Na+含量降低,0~40 cm土层的盐分含量降低了37%以上,土壤有机质由8.43 g kg-1上升到10.51 g kg-1以上,土壤全氮增加近1倍,速效磷由4.36~4.67 mg kg-1增加到12.0 mg kg-1以上,速效钾增加10.37%~10.71%;土壤真菌,细菌,放线菌数量均有大幅度增加,土壤转化酶活性有较大提高,表层0~20 cm土壤容重由1.51 g cm-3降低到1.33 g cm-3,土壤疏松,结构良好,利于苗木生长。

In interspace of tre e nursery garden land, two green manure varieties of vetch and Orychophragmus violaceus were planted before winter, and then were returned to the field in the following year. Three years later, soil Na+content and total salt content were markedly decreased, soil organic matter was increased from 8.43 g kg- 1to 10.51 g kg- 1, the content of soil total N was increased by about 100%, the content of Olsen- P was increased from 4.5 mg kg- 1to 12.0 mg kg- 1and the content of available K was increased by 10%. The accounts of soil fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes were greatly increased. Soil invertase activity also had a greatly increasing. The bulk density at 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil decreased from 1.51 g cm- 3to 1.33 g cm- 3. All the results showed that planting winter green manure could improve soil physical and chemical properties of saline- alkali nursery garden land.