不同氮素形态对紫苏生长及品质的影响

Effect of Different Nitrogen Forms on Growth and Quality of Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt

以蛭石为栽培基质,紫苏为试验材料,采用不同铵态氮、硝态氮比例以及尿素处理,分析不同铵硝比处理下紫苏的生物量、光合特性、氮代谢相关酶活性、抗逆酶活性以及主要化学成分的变化规律。结果表明:铵硝比为25∶75时,紫苏生物量、可溶性蛋白含量最高,而且SOD活性和CAT活性最高。随着NO_3^--N比例的增加,POD活性和MDA含量先降低后升高,并在铵硝比为25∶75时,POD活性和MDA含量达到最低,其变化趋势与SOD活性和CAT活性相反。总叶绿素含量和净光合速率随铵硝比的增加而升高,在全硝处理达到最大值。在全硝处理下NR、GS活性和硝态氮含量也达到最大。紫苏精油的主要成分紫苏酮的相对含量在铵硝比为50∶50时最高。石竹烯和律草烯相对含量在全铵处理和酰胺态氮处理下较高。施用硝铵比为25∶75的氮素更能促进紫苏生长和抗氧化酶活性的提高,全铵处理、酰胺态氮和铵硝比为50∶50更有利于紫苏精油主要药效成分含量的提高。

By using vermiculite as growing media and Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt as the experimental material,we analyzed the biomass,photosynthetic characteristics,enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism,anti-enzyme activities and main chemical components of P.frutescens under the treatments of different proportions of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)and urea(CO(NH2)2-N).The results showed that the biomass and soluble protein contents of P.frutescens reached the maximum values,and the activity of SOD and CAT was also the highest when the ratio of NH4+-N to NO3--N was 25∶75.While the activities of POD and the contents of MDA increased initially and decreased afterwards with the increase in NH4+-N to NO3--N ratio,and reduced to the lowest levels at 25∶75 ratio.The total chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rates increased with the increase in NH4+-N to NO3--N ratio.And they reached the maximum when the ratio of NH4+-N to NO3--N was 0∶100.The activities of NR and GS and the contents of NO3--N in P.frutescenss also reached the maximum under the treatments of all NO3--N.The relative contents of perilla ketone,as a main ingredient of volatile oil in P.frutescenss,reached the maximum value at the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio of 50∶50.The relative contents of caryophyllene andα-caryophyllene were higher in the treatments with urea and NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio of 0:100.A 25∶75 ratio of NH4+-N to NO3--N can stimulate the growth and antioxidase activities of P.frutescens,while that of 50∶50 and 100∶0 can improve the components of essential oils from leaves of P.frutescens.