非货币收益、工资差异和教育回报

Non-monetary Benefits,Wage Differentials and Return to Education

本文运用中国健康与营养调查数据(CHNS),在Mincer工资方程中引入住房和医疗非货币收益。为了避免住房、医疗等非货币收益和教育内生性对估计结果带来的偏误,本文用配偶的特征变量做工具变量,采用两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)估计后,我们发现在18岁到45岁的已婚男性样本中,非货币收益和工资收入之间存在显著的替代关系,住房福利可能使工资降低64.69%,医疗福利可能使工资降低14.06%。进一步,本文发现,考虑住房、医疗福利等非货币收益后,教育回报率显著上升。因此,非货币收益是理解工资差异和估计教育回报需要考虑的重要因素。

Using China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) data,we find that individuals who get non-monetary benefits such as housing subsidy and health insurance from work have significantly lower wages,as predicted by the compensating wage differential model.When non-monetary benefits are included in wage equation,the return to education is larger than when it is not included.The results show that non-monetary benefit is an important factor to consider when investigating wage differentials and estimating returns to education.