县域行政区划改革的绩效分析——以“撤市设区”为切入点

Analysis on the Performance of County Administrative Divisions Reform:Taking "Revocation of Cities to Districts" for Example

地区的健康发展离不开行政区划体制的有效运作。对于县域行政区划体制,改革开放以来曾出现"撤县建市"、"撤市设区"和"省直管县"、"强县扩权"三次重要改革。其中,"撤市设区"具有承上启下的作用。本文以广东省县(市)数据为研究样本,分析其绩效,探讨其得失,以理顺这三次改革的内在机理和前因后果。结果表明,"撤市设区"改革虽加快该地级市的经济增长、增强财政预算平衡能力,但其未能显著促进县级区域的经济增长和财政预算平衡,长此以往将影响县域发展的积极性。"撤市设区"在纠正"撤县建市"引起的重复建设、恶性竞争与土地分割同时,忽略了县域自主发展的激励,对此,"省直管县"、"强县扩权"等行政区划体制再改革可谓恰到其时。

A region cannot develop healthily and sustainably without an effective administrative operation system.Concerning the reform of counties,there have been three reforms since 1978,which were 'upgrading counties to cities', 'revocation of cities to districts' and 'province's direct control of counties'.This thesis analyzes the performance as well as gains and losses of 'upgrading cities to districts' in order to figure out the internal mechanism,causations and consequences of these three reforms.Using the data of Guangdong province form 2000 to 2009,we found that 'revocation of cities to districts' did improve the economic growth and budget balance ability of the cities but not the counties.In the long term,it will reduce the development enthusiasm of the counties. 'Revocation of cities to districts' rectified redundant construction,vicious competition and division of land of ' upgrading counties to cities' but neglected the independent development of counties.From this result,we know that it is the right moment to explore 'province's direct control of counties' and 'expanding the power of counties'.