国家竞争优势的来源——知识生产、知识资本化和制造基础

Sources of National Competitive Advantages——Knowledge Production,Knowledge Capitalization and Manufacturing Base

当今世界经历了工业革命开始的要素扩张和资本积累阶段后,技术创新已经成为提高国家竞争力的主要途径,如何造就并保持一国可持续的相对优势成为各国的重要任务。经过40年的改革开放,中国越来越缩小了与世界技术前沿边界的距离,而当接近技术边界时,也存在着由投资向创新转变的必要。一国竞争优势的实现是知识生产、知识资本化和制造基础三者融合的结果,尤其是金融市场在助力知识资本化、连接知识生产和产品制造上发挥着中枢纽带的作用。在全球主要国家的相对竞争优势中,美国凭借知识资本化处于领跑态势。眼下,处于技术边界的中国打造国家竞争优势的关键路径有三:一是加大基础研究投入,促进知识生产;二是完善创新体制,推动知识资本化;三是打造工业强基,提升制造基础。

After the world has experienced the stage of factor expansion and capital accumulation since the beginning of the industrial revolution,technological innovation has become the main driving force for improving national competitiveness.How to create and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage has become an important task for all countries.After 40 years of reform and opening up,China has narrowed its distance from the world’s technological frontier.When it approaches the technological frontier,there is also a need to change from investment to innovation.The realization of a country’s competitive advantage is the result of the integration of knowledge production,knowledge capitalization and manufacturing base.Among the comparative advantages of major countries in the world,the United States is leading by virtue of knowledge capitalization.At present,there are three key paths to build our country’s competitive advantages:first,to increase investment in basic R&D and promote knowledge production;second,to improve the innovation system and promote knowledge capitalization;third,to build a strong industrial base and enhance the manufacturing base.