当代形而上学的重建(上)

Reconstruction of Contemporary Metaphysics(Part Ⅰ）

当代形而上学处在一个举步维艰的没落时代。自亚里士多德以来发展了两千多年的西方形而上学,被视作“物理学之后”,它到黑格尔臻于成熟之后便走向衰亡;中国先秦的形而上学则是“伦理学之后”,它于《周易》和道家哲学中发端,两千年间没有发展,只有充实与合流,在当代也被时代精神弃置一旁。目前从根本上区分中西形而上学是重建形而上学的前提。追溯中西形而上学的源头和流变可以发现,西方形而上学是建立在语言的逻辑功能、系词“是”的存在论认识功能之上的,中国形而上学则是建立在语言的非逻辑功能之上,即由语言悖论和沉默所体现的隐喻、暗示、象征、类比功能之上的。这两种形而上学各有胜场,但也各有致命的盲区,后者正是双方都走向衰落的理论上的根本原因。因此,当代形而上学的重建必须突破双方各自的理论边界,吸收对方的长处,在语言的双重功能(逻辑功能和非逻辑功能)之上提升到“语言学之后”,才有成功的希望。

Contemporary metaphysics is in a declining era.Since the beginning of the past two thousand years,the western form was considered“after physics”,and it has declined after maturity.The metaphysics of pre Qin was“after ethics”.It originated in Zhouyi and Taoism,and did not develop in two thousand years.At present,the fundamental distinction between Chinese and Western metaphysics is the premise of rebuilding metaphysics.It traces back to the origin and evolution of Chinese and Western metaphysics,and points out that western metaphysics is based on the logical function of language,the cognitive function of the copula,and the Chinese metaphysics is based on the non logical function of language.Both metaphysics have their own advantages,but they also have their own fatal blind spots.Therefore,the reconstruction of contemporary metaphysics must break through their respective theoretical boundaries,absorb each other’s strengths,and upgrade the dual functions of language(logical and non-logical functions)to“after linguistics”in order to achieve success.