回归国家：重新思考大分流

Return to the Country: Rethink the Great Diversion

20世纪80年代以来的“回归国家”学术思潮,影响到近年来东西历史大分流的讨论,推动其重新审视国家在经济社会发展中的作用。三本较有影响的关于大分流讨论的近著(《强权与富足》《大分流之外》《国家、经济与大分流》)都强调近代中国和欧洲在国家能力上的差异是导致东西方历史大分流的重要原因。以国家为中心议题带来了值得关注的新研究动向。首先,重新强调从长时段看东西方历史的大分流;其次,重新从东西方历史的内部寻找大分流的原因;再次,强调国家的能力和作用是中西历史大分流的主要原因;最后,更加重视国家所处的国际环境和国际体系。关于大分流这一多层面、大尺度的历史现象的讨论,拓展和深化了对近代以来世界历史的理解。

The academic trend of“returning to the country”since the 1980s has influenced the discussion of the great diversion of history between the East and the West in recent years.Some discussions on the great diversion have emphasized that the differences in national capabilities between modern China and Europe are the main reasons leading to the great diversion of history between the East and the West.State-centered issues have brought new research trends that deserve attention.Firstly,we re-emphasize the great diversion of the history of East and West in a long period of time;secondly,we re-find the reasons for the great diversion from the inside of the history of East and West;thirdly,we emphasize that the ability and role of the state is the main reason for the great diversion of the history of China and West;finally,we pay more attention to the international environment and international system in which the country is located.