摘要
渔业资源是重要的食物来源,对沿850km长的坦桑尼亚海岸线和无数岛屿进行渔业活动的当地居民作出了有价值的经济贡献。小规模的个体渔业占该国家43000多渔民渔获量的大部分,个体渔民主要是在大陆架内的浅水海域中作业,使用传统的捕鱼船,包括小船、阿拉伯三角帆船、轻舟、舷外撑杆船以及舢板等。采用了使用不复杂的捕捞方法,例如诱捕篓、围栏捕鱼器、网以及不同的钓具技术等。鱼的物种组成和大小随渔具的类型和位置而变。有500多种鱼可用作食物,而礁鱼是最重要的一类,包括笛鲷属、笛鲷科鱼类、裸颊鲷属的几种小型鲈形鱼、鹦嘴鱼、颊纹鼻鱼、鲭带鱼、鮨科鱼以及羊鱼。大多数鱼产品被用于糊口的目的。但是,有一些用于出口。诸如拖网和用炸药炸鱼等破坏性的捕鱼方法造成了严重的问题,因为它们破坏鱼类和其他生物的重要生境,而且有一种过度捕获渔业资源的长期倾向。不过,该国内各地区鱼类所面临的压力不尽相同,在某些地区,渔业资源是以可持续的方式被利用的。为了本研究报告共收集了340多份有关坦桑尼亚渔业和鱼类生态学的参考文献。有关基础研究和应用研究方面,就成功的渔业管理所需的信息而言尚有许多空白。大多数研究成果是作为发行量有限的灰文献(57%)提供的;只有1/5是在国际杂志上发表的科学论文。
Fishery resources are a vital source of food and make valuable economic contributions to the local communities involved in fishery activities along the 850 km stretch of the Tanzania coastline and numerous islands. Small-scale artisanal fishery accounts for the majority of fish catch produced by more than 43000 fishermen in the country, mainly operating in shallow waters within the continental shelf, using traditional fishing vessels including small boats, dhows, canoes, outrigger canoes and dinghys. Various fishing techniques are applied using uncomplicated passive fishing gears such as basket traps, fence traps, nets as well as different hook and line techniques. Species composition and size of the fish varies with gear type and location. More than 500 species of fish are utilized for food with reef fishes being the most important category including emperors, snappers, sweetlips, parrotfish, surgeonfish, rabbitfish, groupers and goatfish. Most of the fish products are used for subsistence purposes. However, some are exported. Destructive fishing methods such as drag nets and dynamite fishing pose a serious problem as they destroy important habitats for fish and other organisms, and there is a long-term trend of overharvested fishery resources. However, fish pressure varies within the country as fishery resources are utilized in a sustainable manner in some areas. For this report more than 340 references about Tanzanian fishery and fish ecology were covered. There are many gaps in terms of information needed for successful fishery management regarding both basic and applied research. Most research results have been presented as grey literature (57%) with limited distribution; only one-fifth were scientific publications in international journals.
