海洋生物噪声的一次新记录

A NEW RECORD ON MARINE ANIMAL NOISE

一、引言某些海洋生物的发声会使某些频段的环境噪声级增高几十分贝,其中鼓虾、叫鱼和(鱼安)(鱼康)鱼对环境噪声的贡献最大。高密度成群的鼓虾可使10—20千赫的环境噪声级增加40分贝。(鱼安)(鱼康)鱼发出的“轮船汽笛声”也使低频段的环境噪声级增加40分贝,其基频是200—300赫。切萨比克湾观测的叫鱼噪声谱级高达107分贝,其谱峰频率500—600赫。齐孟鹗等观测大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)的噪声谱级为94—97分贝,其谱峰频率为630—800赫,它比一般背景噪声级高40分贝左右。加利福尼亚州Salton泻湖中的犬牙石首鱼属(Cynoscion Xanthulus)的噪声级比通常背景噪声级高50分贝,其谱峰频率为1千赫。大不列颠岛和新西兰附近海域里海胆的发声也使1.2—1.6千赫的环境噪声级增加25—30分贝。

An augmentation of 4.5 db in the background noise level of the sea state O with 1-1,25 KHz was detected in the Xiamen Harbor in August 13—14,1982.The augmentation is the greatest one in the increase of underwater ambient noise level reported for any natural cause in the marine environment,the cause of which is identified to be marine animal noise and its relationship to weather conditions was set up.