厦门港湾底栖鱼类群落结构的基本特征及其季节差异

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF DEMERSAL FISHES IN THE XIAMEN HARBOUR

海洋底栖鱼类是渔业资源的重要组成部分。研究其群落结构,可为合理开发利用渔业资源和海洋环境科学研究提供一些有价值的资料。本文运用描述群落结构特征的一些重要参数,分析厦门港湾底栖鱼类群落的特征及其季节差异。一、材料与方法(一) 材料研究材料取自1980年11月—1981年8月,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所厦门港湾综合调查的底栖拖网样品。调查按季度月(2、5、8和11月,分别代表冬、春、夏和秋生物季节)进行,共设12个拖网站(图1),采用网口宽1.5米的阿氏网,每站拖曳10分钟,共得标本288份,计1200尾底栖鱼类。

The present paper analyzed the basic characteristics and seasonal differences of demersal fish community structure based on the 1200 samples collected by bottom trawling from 12 stations in the Xiamen Harbour for the periods of November,1980 and February,May and August,1981.The results-show as follows:(1)In all,84 species of demersal fish have been identified in this survey area,both species number and landing number were dominated by Goblodel and pleuronectoidei.As for species character,in this area no coldtemperate species was found,all the species were warm water and warm-temperate species,the former was more than the later in species number.(2)According to the calculation of'percentage community similarity'(PSC),it can be divided basically into three regional groups with evident differences in blotopes.(3)The measurements of species diversity index show that the demersal fish community has high richness(d=7.03),evener interspecies individual distribution(J=0.69)and lower dominance of the two dominant species(D2=0.38),therefore,it has high species diversity(H′=4.29).(4)There were seasonal differences of species number,landing number and species diversity index values,with peaks in summer and low values in spring,The seasonal difference is closely related to seasonal variations of bottom temperature and salinity.