郑伯克段发微——并释《叔于田》两首

Exploration about Historical Event of Prince Zhuang of State Zheng Defeating Prince Duan

《左传》载鲁隐公元年夏五月,郑庄公克段于鄢,段的罪名是"袭郑"。今依据原始文献尤其是之前尚未被研究者采用过或未被充分使用过的历史文献,对郑伯克段于鄢的史事进行探微发覆,第一次指出:郑庄公克段是有鉴于当时晋国因分封导致的连年战乱;郑庄公果断克段,化两国为一国,为其图霸事业奠定基础;晋郑两国在东周初年的越礼行为是春秋时期一系列不法事件之导源;《诗经·郑风》中两首《叔于田》乃是讥刺郑庄公未能很好地行使大司徒之权。结论:所谓郑伯克段于鄢纯系郑庄公制造的冤案,但段亦确有越礼之行,郑伯克段,对春秋史产生了极其重大的影响,郑国的"小霸"事业是夷夏东西交互胜败的历史大势及郑庄公雄才大略之必然结果。

According to Zuo Zhuan, in the summer of 722 B.C.Prince Zhuang of the State of Zheng defeated Prince Duan at Yan.The accusation against Duan was that he tried to“attack Zheng”.Here, based on the original texts especially those that never used or fully analyzed material, I extend the reasons of the event and become the first one to point out that Prince Zhuang beat Duan to end the years of war caused by the conferment of the State of Jin.He united two states and laid the groundwork for uniting ancient China.The actions of State of Jin and Zheng that offended against the proprieties in early East Zhou Dynasty were the resource of series of events in the Spring and Autumn Annals.The two poems Shu Yutian in the Books of Odes actually satirized that Prince Zhuang didn’ t have the real power of Chief Minister.Conclusion: Prince Zhuang beat Duan was actually a wrong practice by Zhuang! However, Duan had many vices indeed.This event caused great effect to the history in Spring and Autumn Annals.The achievements of State of Zheng were the results of the alternate victory and defeat of the minorities and Han and Zhuang’ s wisdom.