改良派关于卢梭的人民主权论的理解与思考——以《新民丛报》为考察对象

Thought and Understanding of Reformists about Rousseau' People Sovereignty——Taking Miscellany for New Citizens as Object of Study

法国思想家卢梭主张自由与平等,反对专制和暴政,创立了以社会契约论为基础、以国民总意说为核心的人民主权论,深刻地影响了《新民丛报》学人。他们将卢梭的学说介绍到中国,并且认为卢梭的学说可矫正中国社会的专制。然而,卢梭的学说也为革命派提供了思想武器。他们认为卢梭的学说为美国和法国建立共和提供了依据,因此主张在中国实施卢梭的学说,从而通过革命建立共和。当《新民丛报》学人与革命派展开辩论时,逐渐认为卢梭的学说虽好,但是与中国当时的情势不符,不适合于中国。

French thinker Rousseau advocated freedom and equality , opposed despotism and tyranny , and founded the theory of people sovereignty that based on the social contract .The core of the theory of people sovereignty was the theory of general will , and impacted on writers of Miscellany for New Citizens .They introduced Rousseau ’ s doctrine to China , and thought it can correct the tyranny of Chi-nese society.However, Rousseau’s doctrine also provided ideological weapon for revolutionaries .They thought that Rousseau’s doc-trine provided a basis of establishing the Republic between France and USA , therefore advocated implementing doctrine of Rousseau in China , and establishing the Republic through revolution .When writers of Miscellany for New Citizens argued with revolutionaries , they thought Rousseau ’ s theory is good , but does not match with the situation in China , and is not suitable for China .