错案追究制理论根基的反思

Reflection on Theory Foundation of “Misjudged-case-investigating Mechanism”

《最高人民法院关于全面深化人民法院改革的意见》第35条一定程度回应了一直以来学界关于错案追究制的热烈讨论,但如何落实该条意见需正确认识到错案追究制的理论根基——法律的确定性理论。对法律确定性理论进行必要的思想史梳理,并尽量展示其全部面貌,会发现该理论大概经历了从确定到否定再到纠偏的过程,在此过程中司法程序确定性的重要性不断被凸显,通过司法程序的确定有利于达到司法判决的确定性。反思我国错案追究制,其与所追求的目标背道而驰,亦不符合法律确定性理论的发展要求。恢复司法理性,并进一步构建其他科学合理的具体法律制度以实现错案追究制所追求的目标是当务之急。

The Article 35 of《Supreme People's Court on Opinions of Deepening Reform》responds to the lively discussion about the Misjudged- case- investigating Mechanism,But how to implement this opinion needs us to correctly recognize the theory foundation of misjudged- case- investigating mechanism——the theory of legal certainty. Carefully sort deterministic theory of law is necessary,and try to show all of its features,you will find this theory probably experienced the process from the determination of the correction to the negative and then to the rectifying. In this process,the importance of judicial proceedings continue to be highlighted uncertainty,through the determination of the judicial process is helpful to achieve judicial decisions reached certainty. Reflection of the Misjudged- case- investigating Mechanism runs counter to the objectives pursued,nor in line with the development requirements of legal certainty theory. Restore the judicial rationality,and further build other specific scientific and reasonable legal system in order to achieve the problem is a priority goal.