德国刑法中的监督责任略论——以不真正不作为理论展开

An Introduction of Supervisory Obligation In German Criminal Law——From the Perspective of Non-Typical Crime of Omission Theory

进入风险社会以来,各领域内新型风险不断涌现。危险事故发生之后,常出现下级从业者承担责任、上级监督者逃避责任的情形。监督责任是为解决监督者责任承担问题而发展出来的理论,是刑法防范、控制风险机能的体现。德国刑法在不真正不作为犯罪的框架下发展监督责任,并通过行政立法和司法判例构建起较为完善的监督责任理论体系。我国应重视监督责任在风险社会中的重要作用,借鉴德国相关理论与实践经验,建立符合本国法律实情的监督责任制度。

Entering the risk society,new risks emerge in all social fields. When accidents happen,it is junior practitioners who take responsibility instead of higher supervisors. Supervisory obligation theory is aimed to solve this dilemma,which is also the reflection of the foundation of prevent and control mechanism of criminal law. German criminal law developed this theory within the framework of non- typical crime of omission,thus established a set of theoretical system through administrative legislative and judicial precedents.China should attach importance to the role of supervisory obligation plays in risk society,referring to the theoretical and practical experiences in Germany and establishes proper supervisory obligation regulations consistent with national legal practice.