过度司法管辖权的间接限缩——以美国为例

Indirect limitation of Exorbitant Jurisdiction——Based on United States

美国以长臂管辖权为代表的"过度管辖权"饱受诟病,但是也不乏合理性。限缩过度的司法管辖权可以通过直接拒绝管辖和其他间接的方式,如运用不方便法院原则和一事一诉原则。此外,不一味地适用管辖法院所在地的法律也能从法律适用的角度间接影响司法管辖权的扩张。反观我国实践,也存在"过度管辖"的现象。新民诉司法解释首次确立了不方便法院原则,中国的司法管辖权限缩已然开始。

Exorbitant Jurisdiction of United States represented by long- arm jurisdiction is a target of criticism but it does have rationality. To limit that exorbitant jurisdiction,courts can refuse to take jurisdiction directly and other indirect measures can be taken,such as principles of forum non convenience and non bits in idem. Besides,law of place of jurisdiction should not always be applied and it will indirectly affect the extension of jurisdiction from the angle of application of law. In the opposite,there also exists phenomenon of exorbitant jurisdiction in our judicial practice. New published judicial interpretation of civil procedure law set the rule of forum non convenience,limitation of jurisdiction of China's courts and it has started.