被害人自陷危险的归责问题研究

Study on Imputation of Victims' Self-Danger

在被害人自陷危险的场合,一般是通过三种途径对被告人(行为人)排除归责:被害人承诺、被告人罪责的否定和被害人的自我答责。自我答责的原理成为解决这一问题的通说。但是,除了被害人必须具有完全的答责能力之外,还要同时考虑被告人的违法性。自我答责的原理不能成为绝对排除被告人违法性的依据。论证需要从两个方面展开:其一为不考虑其他人的违法性,完全由被害人自我答责的领域;其二为需要考虑他人的违法性,被告人与被害人共担危险(危险竞合)的情形。后一种情形又可分为基于合意的他者的危险化和自己危险化的参与两部分内容。并结合具体案例得出结论。

In cases where the victim is in danger of self-infliction,the defendant(the perpetrator) is usually excused in three ways:the victim's promise,the negation of the accuser's responsibility and the victim's self-accusation. The principle of self-accusation becomes the general solution to this problem. However,this paper argues that,in addition to the victim must have full ability to repay,but also consider the defendant's illegality. The principle of self-accusation can not be the basis for the absolute exclusion of the defendant's illegality. This article will start from two aspects:one is not to consider other people's illegality,entirely by the victim's own areas of responsibility; the other is the need to consider the illegality of others,the defendant and the victim share the danger(dangerous competing). The latter case can be divided into two parts based on the reasonable danger of others and the participation of oneself dangerous,and concluding with specific cases.