论袁宏道“狂”的思想根源及历史影响

Ideological Origins and Historical Influences of Yuan Hongdao's “Radical”

晚明诗人袁宏道,个性鲜明,行为特出,三次出仕,三次归隐,仕隐之间,狂言未断。其"狂",既有魏晋名士风度及道家思想的影响,也有晚明心学及禅宗的影响,当然更有原儒系统价值观念的重要影响。"狂"是袁宏道的人格期许,也是他的诗学策略。其狂者遮诠法、不循规范的创作理路以及对"趣""韵"的宣扬,给晚明士风和文风带来巨大影响。经过清代的相对沉寂,至现代,袁宏道成为学界热点。文化界对袁宏道的接受明显分为两派。这种分化,显示着双方审美趣味的差异以及政治立场的不同。

As an important writer and theorist of the late Ming Dynasty,Yuan Hongdao had distinctive character and unique behaviors.He became an official for three times,and lived in seclusion for three times.Whether been an official or a recluse,his wild words and pretentious behaviors had never been interrupted.Yuan Hongdao’s'Radical'came with the influence of aristocratic grace of Wei,Jin Dynasties and Taoism,as well as Zen Buddhism and the mind science of late Ming Dynasty.And among those were Original Confucian value system.But'radical'is actually his highest aesthetic standards and the basic strategy of poetics.He had an important influence on the social atmosphere and literary atmosphere of late Ming Dynasty by publicizing 'Qu' and'Yun'which were based on radical of the subjects.After relatively low ebb in Qing Dynasty,Yuan Hongdao became an academic hot spot in modern China.The acceptance of Yuan Hongdao is clearly divided into two groups.This kind of differentiation showed the difference of aesthetic interest and the difference of class stand of the two parts.