殷周之际“天命”思想的重新建构与历史化演变

Evolution of Thought of Heaven’s Destiny in Period of Yin and Zhou Dynasties

殷周之际,中国的政治文化与思想观念发生剧烈变动,殷人的'帝'信仰被周人的'天'信仰所替代,周人赋予'天'以伦理属性和道德特质,'天命'的内涵也被德性化,注入了'敬天'与'保民'的内容,开启了自然宗教向伦理宗教、巫觋文化向人文主义的转型路程。周人通过天命的伦理化论证以及'文王受命''文武受命'一系列概念的提出,强调了殷人的天命之终以及天命向自身的转移,论证了周兴殷亡的合理性与合法性,从而奠定了两周天命思想的主基调,对春秋各家产生广泛影响。

During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties,China’s political culture and ideology changed dramatically.The belief in'emperor'of Yin people was replaced by the belief in'heaven'of Zhou people.The Zhou people endowed'heaven'with ethical attributes and moral characteristics.The connotation of'Heaven’s Destiny'was moralized;and the contents of'respecting heaven'and'protecting the people'were introduced.The transition from natural religion to ethical religion,from witchcraft culture to humanism was completed through the ethical demonstration of Heaven’s Destiny and the proposition of a series of concepts such as'King Wen was appointed'and'King Wen and King Wu were appointed',Zhou people emphasized the end of Heaven’s Destiny of Yin and the transfer of Heaven’s Destiny to themselves,demonstrated the rationality and legitimacy of Zhou Dynasty’s prosperity and Yin Dynasty’s destruction,thus laid the main tone of Heaven’s Destiny thought of Zhou Dynasty,and produced extensive shadows to various schools in Spring and Autumn Period.