中国乒乓球“海漂群体”的时空分布特征及影响机制

The Spatio-temporal Pattern and Influencing Mechanism of Chinese Table Tennis Athletes Playing Overseas

作为"国球"的乒乓球项目为我国培养了大量优秀运动员,在人员饱和与激烈竞争下不少运动员选择"海漂",其时空分布特征与影响机制有待揭示。以1986-2016年参加乒乓球国际性赛事的中国乒乓球"海漂群体"为研究对象,综合运用数理统计和空间分析等方法,从体育地理学视角探究"海漂群体"的时空演变特征,并运用人口(人才)迁移相关理论,分析"海漂群体"形成与变动的影响机制。结果表明:1)乒乓球"海漂群体"时间上呈现"整体增长、局部波动、个别点下降"的特征;2)空间上呈现"欧洲、北美洲呈片状分布,亚洲、非洲、南美洲、大洋洲以国家(地区)为单位呈点状分布"的特征;3)国内迁出地主要是河北、辽宁、四川、安徽、北京、上海等乒乓球大省或体育较发达的地区,迁入地倾向于发达国家或地区;4)经过初步发展期、快速扩张期以及稳定发展期,"海漂群体"的世界空间流向格局已基本形成;5)"海漂群体"主要对海漂人才自身、迁入地与迁出地、世界乒乓球体育事业产生影响,最后揭示了其形成与变动机制。

As the 'national sport', table tennis has cultivated a large number of outstanding athletes for China. Under the situation of personnel saturation and fierce competition, many athletes choose to play overseas, whose spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influence mechanism need to be revealed. Taking Chinese table tennis players and coaches overseas who have served other countries or regions in international table tennis games during 1986-2016 as the research object, this paper explores their spatial and temporal evolution from the perspective of sports geography, and analyzes the influencing mechanism from different aspects based on the international population migration theory. The methods of mathematical statistics and spatial analysis, used in this research, are implemented with ArcGIS and SPSS. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1) The time curve shows overall growth, partial fluctuations and single falls;2) The spatial pattern shows their plane-shaped distribution in Europe and North America while point-shaped distribution in Asia, Africa, South America and Oceania;3) The origins are Hebei, Liaoning, Sichuan, Anhui,Beijing, Shanghai and other areas with more developed sports especially table tennis. The destinations are usually developed countries or regions;4) Their global spatial pattern has been formed basically experiencing initial emergence period, rapid expansion period and stable development period;5) The athletes playing overseas mainly have impact on themselves, areas of origin and destination, and the future of the world table tennis sports. Finally, the mechanism of its formation and change is also revealed.