国际体育组织自治的困境与出路——国际足联腐败丑闻的深层思考

Rule of law Beyond the Good Governance of International Sports Organizations—— A dialogue on FIFA Scandal by sports law scholars

文章以六位体育法学者对话录的方式,讨论了近来国际足联官员腐败案中美国行动的合法性和正当性,及由此所引发的对国际体育组织自治与法治问题的思考。文章认为,美国刑事执法基于其本国法,通过引渡条约所采取的一次涉及本国利益的司法行动,有合法依据,不涉及国际刑法适用问题。国际体育组织的善治是当代体育组织自我管理的潮流和趋势,但是体育组织的自治有时候可能会失灵,因此这种自治应时刻受到外部监督,其中最有效的是法律监督。因此,国际社会需要努力建立一套约束国际体育组织的法律机制。这种法律机制可以通过接纳已经形成的政府间条约的方式,如《联合国反腐败公约》,或采用WADA这种公私伙伴方式。

Through a dialogue among five sports law scholars,this paper discusses the recent FIFA Corruption Scandal and related governance issues.In conclusion,based on the national law of the United States and by its extradition treaty,the America's criminal process is an legal and legitimate judicial action pursue to its national interests,but not involve the application of international criminal law.Good governance for international sports organizations is the trend of contemporary sports self-management.However,autonomy of sports organizations may sometimes fail,so this autonomy should always be subject to external oversight,and legal supervision is the most effective way therein.So the international community needs to strive to establish a legal mechanism to bind international sports organizations.This mechanism maybe adopt either a treaty like United Nations Convention against Corruption orPPP method like WADA.