英国城镇化进程中体育用地规划及其治理机制

Open Space for Sport,Physical Activity and Recreation:Urban Public Places Supply Strategies and Governance System in UK

采用文献资料、历史分析等研究方法,对英国近现代城市规划中的体育用地法规政策进行梳理,并理清英国城市体育用地建设发展理念及其治理机制。研究认为,在英国城镇化进程中,体育用地供给策略主要表现为"三地融合"。在维多利亚时代(1837年-1901年)鼓励大众体育场地和城市公园绿地融合,在温莎王朝时期(1917年至今)鼓励体育场地和城市居住区绿地融合。经过近两百年的建设和发展,英国逐渐形成各级议会讨论并颁布体育用地法案,专业机构研究设计并确定技术标准的大众体育用地规划议程,资金由政府拨款和公益组织募集,联邦政府制订宏观愿景,地方政府负责具体规划,坚持民主协商原则,具体项目建设与维护外包给市场的治理机制。

British take open space for physical activity and recreation as the supply strategies of sport field in the modern urbanization process.In Victorian Era(1837-1901),British encourage the sports fields integration with the park green space.In Windsor Dynasty(1901-),British encourage city and urban community using green space in residential area.In the construction and development process of last two hundred years,the British public sport field formed a 'parliamentary discuss and promulgate Planning Act;charity organizations and professional national governing bodies design technical standards;central government develop the vision of planning,local government response for construction,insist on consulting with public;investigate by market system and Social welfare'.The governance system of UK provides a good model for China,which is under the background of new urbanization,to supply sports field for The National Fitness.