中美贸易战中中方反制行为的合法性分析

Legitimacy of China’s Countermeasures in the Sino-US Trade War

美国公然违反WTO规则单方面对中国产品征收巨额关税,其前所未有的规模与严重的损害后果使得中国有权根据《关税与贸易总协定》(GATT)中国家安全例外的规定在适当限度内采取贸易反制措施,以此应对美国引发的国际关系中的紧急情况。即使中国无法成功援引安全例外条款,在继续适用WTO规则引起制度失灵的情况下,退而求其次诉诸于一般国际法规则也具有合理之处。通过论证安全例外条款在中美贸易战中的适用,分析中国依据WTO协议本身所能获得的救济途径,并在此基础上分析WTO法与国际法的关系,寻找一般国际法规则作为论证中美贸易战中中方贸易反制行为合法性的依据。

The United States flagrantly violates WTO rules and imposes huge tariffs on Chinese products unilaterally.Its unprecedented scale and serious damages have made China entitled to take trade countermeasures within appropriate limits in accordance with the provisions of the National Security Exceptions in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade so as to deal with an emergency in international relations caused by the USA.Even if China’s countermeasure cannot be justified under Article XXI of GATT 1994,in the case of regime failure arising from application WTO rules,a fallback resort to general international law is feasible.The author analyzes the application of the national security exception in the Sino-US trade war and the remedies that China can obtain according to the WTO agreement itself.On this basis,the author analyzes the relationship between WTO law and international law so as to justify China’s countermeasures under general international rules.