棉花营养枝利用的研究

Review on Utilization of Vegetative Branches of Cotton Plants

国内棉花生产管理一般均进行整枝。保留营养枝具有贡献部分经济产量、供应根系部分同化物、节省用工等正面效应,但也存在营养枝与果枝、主茎竞争无机养分,影响主茎、果枝生长发育,不利于棉田农艺操作等负面效应。当正面效应足以抵消负面效应时,表现为平产或增产,反之则减产、减效。保留营养枝所致正负效应的大小可以通过农艺措施调节,在配套措施的保证下,保留、利用棉花营养枝是可行的。应深入研究其利用途径和技术,促进我国棉花栽培技术的发展。

Removal of vegetative branches on cotton plants is a traditional agronomic technique in China. Scientific research and practice showed that retaining vegetative branches on cotton plants may result in positive effects as contribution of partial economical yield, supplying partial assimilation to roots, and saving labor, whereas causes negative effects as inhibition of the growth and development of main stem and fruiting branches by competition for inorganic nutrients. If positive effects predominate, there appear increased yield and efficiency, and vice versa. The magnitude of positive or negative effects could be regulated with agronomic techniques. Guaranteed with matched agronomic techniques, cotton plants with vegetative branches usually bring more yield than those without vegetative branches. Studies on utilization measures of vegetative branches should be furthered to develop cultivation techniques in cotton production.