离体培养条件下三色堇多倍体诱导研究

Study on Polyploidy Induction of Viola tricolor in Vitro

在离体培养条件下,研究了秋水仙素不同浓度、不同处理时间对三色堇实生苗的诱变效果。结果表明:三色堇对秋水仙素较为敏感,以0 1%～0 2%秋水仙素处理12～36h为佳,最高诱变频率可达到26%.同时以二倍体三色堇为对照,对四倍体三色堇的形态特征和光合作用特性进行了初步研究。研究发现四倍体三色堇叶色浓绿、叶片肥厚、花大、花瓣厚、香味浓、气孔和花粉粒巨大。同时四倍体净光合速率、水分蒸腾速率和气孔导度均比二倍体高。并将四倍体与二倍体杂交首次获得了三倍体三色堇。

Studied the induction effect of colchicines with different concentration and treatment time on Viola tricolor in vitro. The result shows that the Viola tricolor is very susceptible to colchicines and 01%～02% colchicines with 12～36?h treatment time is effective on polyploidy induction of Viola tricolor. The highest inducing frequency is 26% Compared with the diploid. The morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of tetraploid Viola tricolor were studied preliminary. The result indicated that the tetraploid leaves of Viola tricolor are bigger and thicker and the color is more deep green. Its flower is more huge. Its stoma and pollen grains are significantly bigger and the net photothesis rate of the tetraploid is higher than the diploid. In addition it was carried out that the tetraploid were hybridized with diploid, and the triploids were firstly obtained.