温度与植物生长调节物质对紫罗兰生育及其开花的影响

The Effects of Temperature and Plant-growth Regulators Materials on the Growth and Flowering of Stock

采用自然光人工气候室设定2个温度区(低温区20℃ 12h/15℃ 12h,中温区25℃,12h/20℃,12h)对紫罗兰Matthiola incana R.Br.中晚熟品种“彼岸王”生育、开花的影响;并使用①植物生长调节剂GA、GA_3、GA_4不同浓度2次喷雾处理。结果显示,低温区的对照开花率37.5％,GA(GA_3含量90％以上)250×10^(-6)、GA_3、GA_4各浓度100×10^(-6)处理开花率分别为87.5％及100％。GA、GA_3、GA_4处理分别比对照提早2周左右开花,着花节位低、节数少、株高高。中温区各处理未见开花,但株高比对照有所伸长,节数相对减少;②植物生长调节剂GA、GA+BA、BA各浓度250×10^(-6)2次喷雾处理,低温区的对照开花率为41.7％。GA、BA、GA+BA混合液各浓度250×10^(-6)喷雾处理,开花率分别达100％、33.3％与25.0％。GA处理比对照提早3周左右开花。BA、GA+BA处理与对照开花日没有明显差异。BA处理对其生长发育有明显抑制作用,开花率低。中温区对照与各处理均未见开花,其生长发育更加明显受到抑制的作用。

The effects of two temperature zones (low temperature zone: 20℃ 12h/15℃ 12 h; medium temperature zone: 25 ℃ 12 h/20 ℃ 12 h ) set by a natural light phytotron on Equinoctial King of middle and late variety of stock is reviewed. The results show that (1) the rates of flowering of the controls sprayed plant-growth regulating materials GA, GA3 and GA4 separately in different consistency is 37.5 %; the rates of flowering of Equinoctial King sprayed plant-growth regulators GA which contains above 90% GA3 in consistency of 250 × 10-6, GA3 and GA4 (consistency of GA3 and GA4 are both 100 × 10-6) twice in low temperature zone are 87.5% , 87.5% and 100% . Equinoctial King sprayed flowered about two weeks earlier than the controls with fewer sections and taller stems and those sprayed at medium temperature zone have no flowering but with taller stems and fewer sections than the controls. (2) The rates of flowering of Equinoctial King sprayed plant-growth regulators GA, GA + BA, BA twice in consistency of 250 × 10-6 separately at low temperature zone are 100% , 33.3% , 25.0% , and the rate of the controls is 41.7% . The sprayed is flowering about three weeks earlier than controls and there are no obvious discrepancies in flowering day between these sprayed GA, GA + BA and the controls. It shows that plant-growth regulating materials GA restrains growing and causes low flowering rate. The sprayed and the controls in medium temperature zone are no flowering at all and restrained forcefully.