黑河流域典型景观植被带陆面过程同步观测研究

Synchronous Measurement of Land Surface Processes in Typical Vegetation Landscape Zones in the Hei River Basin

为了解内陆河流域不同尺度内与水循环及生态过程有关的水分、热量分布规律,在黑河流域上中下游选取3个典型植被景观带建立观测场,并布设环境观测系统(ENVIS)进行环境要素的同步观测.结果表明,山区森林草地灌丛复合生态区陆面是冷性湿润的下垫面,中游绿洲荒漠接触带是干性、较湿润的下垫面,下游荒漠河岸林景观带是干热性的下垫面.

On the review of some international research projects related to land surface processes and on the context that sustainable development of environment\|resource\|economy system are restricted to scarce water resource in arid area in northwest China, the researches presented in this paper are aimed to understand the processes related to water and energy cycle and ecological process at different vegetation landscape zones of inland river basins. Understanding of the land surface hydrological processes of energy and water exchange can help us accomplish efficient water resource management, such as water resource allotment, desert vegetation protection, and find the equivalent value which different ecosystem can supply to us at different scenes in inland river basin. Therefore synchronous measurement and experiment on land surface processes, energy and water fluxes in the soil vegetation atmosphere system in typical vegetation landscape zones are expected to find a key for these problems. In the present study, three synchronous measurement fields were set up in upper\|stream mountain vegetation zone, oasis\|desert transitional zone between desert and oasis, the natural oasis zone at the downstream riparian tamarisk forest of the Hei River Basin in the arid area of northwest China. The three fields of measurement and experiment represent typical vegetation landscape zones in a inland river basin. Three environment measurement systems of ENVIS, which can measure standard meteorological factors and other ecological factors were installed in the three typical vegetation landscape zones in Hei river basin. The comparative analysis is carried out on the measurements of SVAT system in three vegetation landscape zones, and theories and approaches to parameterize the water and energy fluxes in SVAT system at the three measurement locations are discussed. The preliminary results obtained indicate that the forest\|grassland\|shrubbery zone in mountain vegetation landscape zones is a cold and wet surface, and the oasis\|desert transitional zone in middle river is a relative wet but dry land surface, while the riparian tamarisk forests and their adjacent places in the downstream area are drier and hotter land surface. In the aspect of carbon cycle and sequestration, the forest\|grassland\|shrubbery is a sink for carbon sequestration according to preliminary research, and there have distinct discriminations between the middle stream and the downstream area.