海水养殖业的生物保安

Biosecurity in Mariculture

随着人们生活水平的日益提高、经济全球化及世界范围内国际贸易的急剧增长,越来越多的国家和国际组织认识到涉及食品安全、动植物生命和健康以及有关环境方面风险的生物保安(Biosecurity)的重要性。联合国粮农组织因此将其作为本组织16项学科间行动重点领域之一列入中期计划,处理旨在“促进、发展和加强粮食、农业、渔业和林业政策及管理框架”的共同战略。海水养殖业的生物保安定义为管理所有和海水养殖生产过程中相联系的生物本身健康和环境风险问题。这个风险包括一切外来物种、引进病害生物和养殖生物的病原,破坏生物多样性和跨地域流行的造成养殖生物大面积减产的重大流行性感染疾病以及由于生物技术发展而造成的生物和环境污染问题等。生物保安可以理解为在养殖生产过程中采取的一整套卫生防御和病原检测、隔离、脱毒等技术及管理措施。严格执行这些措施,就会避免养殖地受到外部病原感染,并可有效防止病原在养殖区内的暴发、传播、泛滥。本文对生物保安产生的背景、定义、研究内容以及国内外的发展趋势进行了论述。呼吁我国有关部门密切关注海水养殖业的生物保安,研究和开发生物保安相关高新技术,及时制定我国海水养殖产业发展的生物保安标准和规范,并在生产过程中切实贯彻执行,确保我国海水养殖?

More and more international organizations and countries recognize the importance of biosecurity with the improvement of life quality, economic globalization and the rapid increase of international trade. Biosecurity refers to assess and manage all biological and environmental risks associated with food and agriculture. In mariculture, the risks including invasive alien species, quarantined pests, infectious diseases, living genetic modified organisms and environment pollution. Simply speaking, biosecurity in mariculture is to take a series of measures to quarantine and control disease and produce good quality and health aquatic productions for people. It includes exterior and interior systems. In this article, the background, definition, progress and prospect of biosecurity in mariculture have been reviewed. The authors hope that our government could give more attentions on biosecurity of mariculture and launch to establish mariculture biosecurity standards and comprehensive risks analysis and management systems in China. For Chinese mariculture, in order to ensure the health and sustainable development, the authors assert that biosecurity strategy must be set up rapidly and implement effectively.