与紧凑型小麦品种“莱州3279”正反交F_1杂种优势比较

F_1 Heterosis Comparison Between Original Cross and Reciprocal Cross of Laizhou 3279 and other Wheat Vareities

以莱州 32 79为中心亲本 ,与冀东地区 5个基因型不同的冬小麦品种配置正反交组合 ,并对 10个正反交 F1 的产量性状、叶绿素含量及旗叶与茎秆间的夹角进行了对比分析。结果表明 :无论正交还是反交 ,5个产量性状平均中亲杂种优势大小顺序均为 :单株产量 >单株有效穗数 >千粒重 >穗粒数 >每穗结实小穗数。单株产量表现出最强的杂种优势 ,但个别组合优势不明显 ,甚至出现负优势。大部分组合叶绿素含量杂种优势不明显 ,只有 1个组合正反交 F1 叶绿素含量均表现出较强的杂种优势。同一性状的杂种优势某些组合正交高于反交 ,而某些组合反交高于正交。莱州 32 79株型直立紧凑 ,与其他品种配成的正反交 F1 旗叶夹角减小幅度均较大 ,该品种对改良株型有很好的利用价值。杂种优势的表达很复杂 ,不仅与杂种核基因有关 ,核质互作对杂种优势也有很强的影响。

10 hybrids of original cross and reciprocal cross were obtained through crossing between Laizhou3279, center parent, and 5 other different varieties in the area of East of Hebei. Their yield characters, chlorophyll contents, and angles between flag leaf and stem were determined. The results showed that the order of yield character of heterosis was yield per plant >spikes per plant >1000-grain weight >grain number per spike >spikelets per spike. Yield per plant of heterosis was the greatest of all. Chlorophyll content of heterosis in most combinations was not obvious. For the same character, original cross heterosis was bigger than those of reciprocal cross in some combinations, and in other combinations this was reversed. It proved that Laizhou3279 had great value in developing wheat plant type. Heterosis was affected not only by hybrid nuclear genes but also nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions.