贵州岩溶石漠化发生发展的主要原因初探

A Study of Occurrence and Development of Karst Stony Desert in Guizhou Province

通过对贵州麻山地区、北盘江峡谷区、安顺地区石漠化现状的调查,从碳酸盐类岩石组合、沉积相、水文地质和地貌条件分析,认为:厚层、质纯的碳酸盐类岩石连续沉积累计厚度大的地区,易发生石漠,是其形成的物质基础;在贵州高原向北、东、南三面倾斜的斜坡上,“乌江期”地貌发育形成的峰丛峡谷、峰丛洼地中,内外自然营力作用是石漠发展的主要因素;在河流溯源侵蚀尚未进入的分水岭上,残丘溶原、峰林盆地中,为岩溶生态良好区,但因不合理的人文开发诱发石漠。

Based on the investigation of the stony desert in Mashan district, canyon of Beipan River, and Anshun district, and on the analysis of the rock association, sedimentary facies of carbonate rock, hydrogeologic setting and morphologic condition, this paper is of the opinion that the carbonate rock, which is the material source of forming stony desert, is bioclastic limestone deposited on plateau marginal slope- boulder beach facies-plateau marginal facies, or reef limestone. The internal agent and external agent are the main factor of stony desert development on the slope of Guizhou plateau, which has peak cluster canyon and peak cluster depression formed in the'Wujiang River'period. Human activities are an major factor of the formation of stony desert in the karst pimple plain, and peak forest basin on the water parting, where headward erosion can't occur.