近30年河北省小麦育成品种产量性状分析

Anulysis on the yield charactrs of wheat varietie of recent thirty years in Hebei province

以河北省区试对照品种的更换时间为界,将近30年的小麦育种历程划分为5个阶段,对每阶段育成品种的产量性状研究得出:1975—1979年泰山4号作对照和1980—1988年冀麦7号作对照的两个育种阶段为产量育种稳步提高阶段;1989—1992年冀麦24作对照的育种阶段为产量育种飞跃阶段;1993—1998年以冀麦36为对照和1999至今石4185为对照的两个育种阶段为产量育种攻坚阶段。对每阶段的产量成因分析认为:中等穗数、重穗粒、重品种类型的选育,是高产育种的突破口,穗粒数、千粒重的同时改良,增产潜力大,容易找到理想结合点,更有利于产量突破。

The recent thirty years wheat breeding course can be divided into five phases based on the time when the contrast variety changed. Study on yeied characters of the wheat varieties breeded in every phase showed that the phase from 1975 to 1979 with the contrast variety Taishan 4 and the phase from 1980 to 1988 with the contrast varieties Jimai 7 is a phase that yeild breeding increase steadily. The phase from 1989 to 1992 with the contrast varieties Jimai 24 is a phase that yield breeding increase forward leap. The phase form 1993 to 1998 with the contrast variety Jimai 36 and the phase from 1999 to now with the contrast vaviety Shi 4185 is a phase that yield breeding breach junctures. Based on the analysis of the yield constitute elements showed that selection for middle head and high heavy spikes type is the key for high yeild breeding. And it is easier to get a breakthrough yeild by improving kernecs perhead and 1000-kernels weight to reach a ideal unite point at the same time.