基于趋势需求的供应链订货与定价决策优化

The Research on Supply Chain Order and Pricing Decision-Making under Time-Varying Demand

随着竞争的日益激烈 ,时间已成为影响产品价格和需求量的重要因素。考虑时间对价格和需求量的影响 ,利用博弈理论对供应链的供需关系及其订货与定价决策作定量研究。在制造商首先确定销售价 ,配送商随后选择订货量的假设前提下 ,导出供方的最优定价和需方的最优订货量 ,即纳什均衡结果。在均衡状态下 ,供需双方在各订货周期内的利润随时间推移而减少 ,且当双方的订货周期相同时各方在整个经济寿命周期内的利润最大。此外 ,供应链的经济寿命周期随产品价格的下降速率增加而缩小。最后 。

With increasingly fierce competition, time causes key effect on demand and price. Under time varying demand,this paper makes the quantitative research on supplier buyer relation,order and pricing decision making based on the game theory. It is assumed that manufacturer determines the sales price before distributor chooses the order quantity, by which author derives optimal price and order quantity, i.e., Nash equilibrium. Under the equilibrium situation, the profit of both parties decreases with time and each party gains maximal profit when the order cycles of both parties are the same.In addition,the economic life cycle decreases in the price declining rate. Finally,a numerical example illustrates the results.