地权稳定性、土地流转与农地资源持续利用

Use Rights Security, Land Transfer and Resource Degradation

土地使用权的稳定性、土地流转等农地产权制度对农地资源的影响一直是农村经济改革和农地制度绩效评价中备受关注的问题之一。本文通过建立土壤肥力变化的社会经济及政策影响因素模型 ,利用 6省 1 5县市 1 80个样本地块在 2 0世纪 80年代初期和 2 0 0 0年的土壤实验数据 ,结合同时期这些样本地块所在生产小组的社会经济调查数据 ,对于地权稳定性、农户间非正式土地流转等社会经济及政策因素如何影响农地土壤的可持续生产能力进行了实证分析。模型估计结果表明 :稳定的土地使用权有助于改善农地土壤的长期肥力 ;农户之间的非正式土地流转容易造成农地土壤长期肥力的衰退 ,但对土壤的短期肥力无显著影响 ;同时 。

Since the beginning of rural reform in China, the issue about the impact of land property rights on land resource has been greatly concerned by policy makers and scholars. The aim of this paper is to examine the potential impacts of land use rights security and land transfer among households on the quality of soil under farming. Based on a unique dataset on soil fertility from 180 farm plots in 15 counties of 6 provinces over 2 time periods (the early 1980s and 2000) and socio-economic data surveyed in the same locations and same time period, the determinants of soil fertility were estimated econometrically. The results show that, secure land use rights improve the long-term fertility of the soil; the informal land transfer among farmer households can give rise to the degradation of the soil's long-term fertility; and the increment of opportunity cost of rural labor didn't cause the decline of the soil fertility over last 2 decades in rural China.