从穆卡洛夫斯基到巴赫金——对一种文学史理解模式:对话文学史观的考察

'Suppositional dialogue' and 'True dialogue' ——The Ontology Explains for 'The History of Literature'

人文科学是研究人及其特性的科学,人文科学的对象应该是表现和说话的存在。以往的文学史研究往往离开人文科学这一基点,于是就有了自然科学方法或逻各斯中心主义哲学思辩对活生生的文学史研究的冲击、肢解、甚至取代。基于这一事实,本文通过对从穆卡洛夫斯基到巴赫金等人的文学史观的考察,引入"对话"理论,欲把文学史研究重新拉回到对于鲜活的个体"对话性"存在这一价值中心上来,并提出应该在直接的文本与个体间的"虚拟对话"和在"长远时间"里个体与个体通过文本进行的"真实对话"的结合中去考察、研究各类文艺现象,撰写文学史著作的观点。

The Humanities study the human being and his character;it does not study material and natural phenomena. Man carrying his character of being a man, is always expressing himself (saying some thing), or making the text (even a potential text).Expressing and saying are the very object of the Humanities. The former study of the history of literature always avoids the starting point of the Humanities so that the method of the natural science or logic always attacks, dismembers and replaces the lively studies of 'the history of literature'.Therefore,we introduce 'the theory of dialogue' into the study of 'The history of literature'.After examining of the 'suppositional dialogue' between the text and the individual,and the 'true dialogue' between individuals in the long run, we can understand the 'the history of literature'.and write articles or books about the study of 'the history of literature'.