猪血蛋白粉营养的实验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF PROTEIN PRODUCT FROM SWINE WHOLE BLOOD

猪血蛋白粉是由干燥猪血粉(或新鲜猪血)经生物化学改造、脱色,加工制成的一种谷黄色粉状蛋白质制品.经多项营养分析测试结果,含蛋白质90.1%及多种元素成分,富含铁元素为193.5—200.0mg/100mg.含18种人体生长需要的氨基酸成分,其中8种人体必需氨基酸俱全.以鸡蛋蛋白质为参考模式,并与FAO/WHO标准模式进行比较分析,测得化学分为21.26%,氨基酸分为25.35%,必需氨基酸指数为56.69%.参照AOAC方法通过28天大白鼠喂养试验结果表明,猪血蛋白粉对幼龄大白鼠具有明显的促生长作用.通过体内氮平衡试验表明猪血蛋白粉对实验大白鼠FE、PER、BV、TD、NPR、NPU、NB等7项营养代谢指标的测定结果提示猪血蛋白粉具有良好的体内消化率和利用率.不失为一类具有良好开发前景的廉价高蛋白动物性氮源.

Animal blood has been used widely as a major protein resource of food or feed in many countries.The blood protein is high nutritive and iron-rich. The nutritive value of protein product from decolorized swine whole blood was evaluated by means of chemical analysis and animal experiments. The nutrient contents of the swine blood protein product were crude protein 88.81-91.61% ( mean 90.1% ) , fat 1.60%, iron 193.5-200mg/100g,calcium 0.044%, total phosphorus 4.59mg/g, copper 22.82μg/g, zine 12.62μg/g, manganese 1.18μg/g and water 1.2%. It contained eighteen amino acids, including all eight essential amino acids amounting to 44.09% of the total amino acids content. These eight essential amino acids are threonine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, trypto-phane. Its first limiting amino acid was isoleucine and the second was try- ptophane. The chemical score, amino acid score and the essential amino acid index were 21.26%, 25.35% and 56.69%, respectively.Results from anim feeding indicated that the blood protein product could promot growth in young rats, the body weight of the blood protein group was increased more fast than the egg protein group at the last two weeks. Rats of the blood protein group increased more 2.1 times than their original weight in 28 days experiments, where rats of egg protein group was increased 1.75 times. As the blood protein concerned protein efficiency ratio, food efficiency and the net protein ratio were 2.59±0.65, 26.84±6.69, 3.00±0.64 in the ten feeding days and 2.39±0.42, 24.76±3.31, 3.29±0.63 in the twenty -eight days feeding, respectively. The nitrogen balance test showed that the true digestibility of blood protein product was 76.10±7.68.The biological value was 66.50±9.97. The net protein utilization was 50.80±10.7. The nitrogen balance value was 0.43±0.16.These studies indicated that the decolorization blood protein product from swine whole blood may be an ideal fortifier of protein and iron element for food o feed.