性别与国际关系:有关“女性主义国际关系理论建构的可能性”的探讨

Gender and International Relations:Research on the Possibility of Constructing a Feminist Theory of International Relations

本文将从国际关系学理论整合的角度 ,探讨女性主义分别与三种批判性理论①(即自由制度主义、马克思主义和建构主义 )相整合构造女性主义国际关系理论 (即自由制度女性主义、马克思女性主义和建构女性主义 )的可能性 ,主要以女性主义做补充的方向来进行。自由制度女性主义是纠正实证主义的研究态度、扩展概念的内涵 ,通过制度与机制 (regime)来确保女性的合法权利。马克思女性主义在批评资本主义体制的同时 ,揭示在维持资本主义体制上扮演重要角色的父权制度 ,更深层次地剖析压迫与剥削问题 ,并且把女性的剥削问题扩大到第三世界 ,使理解国家与个人行为更具洞察力。建构女性主义对以男性为主的价值体系提出了直接挑战 ,从根本上探讨国际关系知识主体 (即人、国家和国际体系 )身份 (identity)再建构的可能性。

This essay attempts to explore the possibility of constructing a feminist theory of international relations by integrating the three critical theories of liberal institutionalism,Marxism,and constructionism from the perspective of an integrated theory of international relations with the purpose of enriching studies of international relations with feminism.The reason for this approach is not only because feminism provides unique insight into the major issues under discussion in current international relations,and also shares the same philosophical foundation with the above-mentioned three theories,such as ontology,epistemology,etc.,but feminism can also serve as the starting point for an integrated theory.Feminism of liberal institutionalism could rectify the empirical attitude toward feminist studies,extend the connotation of the concepts,and shed light on the protection of women's legitimate rights with institutions and mechanisms. The feminism of Marxism,while criticizing capitalism,exposes the important role of the patriarchy that maintains capitalism,and explores in depth the issues of woman's exploitation and oppression and extends them to the Third World.By challenging the male-dominated values,the feminism of constructionism provides the possibility of reconstructing the identity of the major actors in international relations (i.e.,man,state,and the international system).