小腿后部神经血管复合体岛状皮瓣的解剖学基础

The Anatomical Bases of the Island Skin Flap Pedicled With Neurovascular Territories of the Leg Posterior View

目的 为小腿后部神经血管复合体岛状皮瓣提供解剖学依据。方法 用成人下肢标本 2 5侧 ,解剖观察小隐静脉、腓肠神经、腓肠内侧皮神经和腓肠外侧皮神经及其营养血管的起始、走行、分支、分布 ,及与其它血管的吻合。结果 腓肠神经由腓肠外侧皮神经和腓肠内侧皮神经合成 ,腓肠神经的营养血管主要是窝中间皮动脉 ,腓肠外侧皮神经的营养动脉主要是窝外侧皮动脉 ,并与腓动脉的肌间隔穿支、肌皮穿支之间存在诸多吻合 ,形成血管链 ,并与神经、小隐静脉构成神经血管复合体。结论 以小腿后部神经血管复合体为蒂可以设计截取顺行或逆行岛状皮瓣。

Objective To provide anatomical basis of island skin flap pedicled with neurovascular territories of the leg posterior view. Methods In 25 adult cadaver legs, origins, courses, branches, distribution and anastomosis of the small saphenous vein, sural nerve, medial sural cutaneous nerve and later sural cutaneous nerve and their nutrient vessels were anatomically observed.Results Sural nerve is construct of lateral sural cutaneous nerve and medial sural cutaneous nerve. The nutrient vessel of lateral sural cutaneous nerve is lateral popliteal cutaneous artery, and the nutrient vessel of the medial sural nerve is medial popliteal cutaneous artery. The nutrient vessels anastomosis to the perforaters of the peroneal artery and form a chain-linked cutaneous neurovascular plexus. Conclusion The island skin flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of neurovascular territories of the leg posterior view can be developed reversed or sequencely.