离心机模拟空战机动训练时飞行员的心律变化

Changes in cardiac rhythm of the pilots during simulated air combat maneuver on centrifuge

目的 研究高性能战斗机飞行员进行模拟空战机动 (SACM )训练时心血管功能变化情况 ,从而提出保护措施。 方法 高性能战斗机飞行员 10名 ,在载人离心机上进行SACM训练。训练中 ,飞行员穿用抗荷服 ,做L 1抗荷动作及进行抗荷正压呼吸 (PBG) ;监视并记录心电图、耳脉搏和呼吸。 结果 10名飞行员在SACM时均发生不同程度的心律失常。心律失常以室性期前收缩为主 ,多发生于吸气末 ,4G以上的高G暴露中开始有心律失常发生 ,9G时发生率最高。心率增快程度和 +Gz 值呈正相关。在抗荷动作的吸气相 ,耳脉搏的幅值突然降低。 结论 SACM训练中 ,室性期前收缩多发 ,这可能为一种潜在性的危险。应训练飞行员正确掌握抗荷动作和PBG的实施要领 ,调控有氧体育锻炼强度 ,定期进行SACM训练 ,并实行心电图监控 。

Objective To detect the cardiac arrhythmia of the pilots during simulating air combat maneuver(SACM) on centrifuge so as to put forward protective measures. Methods Ten high performance fighter pilots served as subjects. SACM trainings on centrifuge using anti G suit, L 1 maneuver and pressure breathing for +G z(PBG) were performed, and ECG, ear lobe pulsation were monitored in the course of training. Results Cardiac arrhythmia (CA), mostly ventricular extrasystole at the end of inspiration, during high +G exposure (>4 G) were found in all subjects. The number of CA and HR increment were highest after 9 G exposure. The lowering of ear lobe pulsation (up to 75%) was found in the inspiration phase during high G exposure. Conclusion Frequent ventricular extrasystoles during SACM may be a signal of latent danger. So ECG monitoring is needed during SACM training. Education on correct implementation of anti G maneuver and PBG, regulating intensity of aerobic physical exercise, and periodic SACM training were considered to be helpful in alleviating cardiac arrhythmia during air combat maneuver.