细菌性感染实验室诊断的研究进展

Progress of laboratory diagnosis of bacterial infection

为适应现代感染学的需要 ,细菌性感染实验室诊断的研究方向应趋于快速、简便、灵敏及经济。其中显微镜检查是常用的简便方法 ;分离培养和鉴定是基本的必不可少的传统方法 ,鉴定技术发展迅速 ;分子生物学技术是发展最快、最具潜力的方法 ,当样本中病原菌含量太低时 ,可用PCR方法在体外进行DNA扩增 ,不需进行分离培养 ,核酸杂交技术广泛用于细菌的鉴定 ,在检测难分离培养或不能培养的细菌、生长周期长的细菌及血清学不易测出的细菌及细菌毒素时显示其优越性 ,生物芯片技术实现对众多病菌进行同步检测 ,也可用于检测病原体的耐药性。

According to the demands of modern theory of infection,study on the laboratory diagnosis tends to be rapid,simple,sensitive and economic.Among these methods,microscopy is a simple method of the examination of many bacteria;Bacterial cultivation and identification are the essential traditional technique;but the fastest and most potential technique is the developing molecular biology.When there is a few bacteria in the sample,we may use PCR to amplify specific bacterial DNA outside and not to culture;When the bacteria can not grow in culture medium or incubate difficulty or slowly,further more,bacteria and its toxin can't be tested with serology,nucleic acid hybridization has more advantages;Gene Chip is able to determine numerous bacteria at the same time,moreover,the technique with speediness,more sensitive and higher automatization can examine bacterial drug resistance and bacteriotoxin.Gene Chip is great potential in clinical application.