药物成瘾及成瘾记忆的研究现状

Current Status in Drug Addiction and Addiction Memory Research

本文在介绍药物成瘾与学习和记忆密切相关的神经回路及共同分子机制的基础上 ,围绕学习和记忆在药物成瘾中的作用 ,综述了关联性学习与复吸 ,关联性学习与敏化 ,异常关联性学习与强迫性用药行为 ,关联性学习及成瘾记忆与成瘾 ,多重记忆系统与成瘾的发生发展等方面的研究进展 ,并强调了突触可塑性及成瘾记忆在药物成瘾中的重要性。在此基础上提出 :作为慢性脑病的药物成瘾的形成过程的重要特征是它包含着信息的特殊学习类型。药物成瘾与依赖于多巴胺的关联性学习紊乱有密切关系。

The central feature of drug addiction is compulsive drug use -- loss of control over apparently voluntary acts of drug seeking and drug taking. Drug addiction, as a chronic brain disease, may result from abnormal engagement of long-term associative memory. Addiction and memory are likely to share much in common in the aspects of neural adaptations, synaptic plasticity, and related molecular mechanisms. This paper reviews the possible roles of learning mechanisms in the development of relapse, sensitization, and drug addiction, abnormal associative learning and compulsive behavior, addiction memory and addiction, multiple memory systems and the development of addiction, and emphasize the importance of synaptic plasticity and addiction memory in drug addiction. Addiction is characterized by the involvement of specific learning patterns of information. Addiction is closely related to the disorder of associate learning that depends on dopamine. Hippocampus may play a key role in addiction. At last, we put forward the future directions for research.