轻病区全民食盐加碘后5～15年住院甲状腺疾病

Hospitalized thyroid diseases in mild iodine deficient area in 5 - 15 years after universal salt iodization

目的 研究全民食盐加碘(USI)对住院甲状腺疾病影响。方法 住院甲状腺疾病采用回顾性调查方法。结果 实施USI后5～15年住院甲状腺疾病占总住院比例下降到1.9‰～2.8‰,平均2.2‰,女/男比率为4.2,<20岁组和≥60岁组比例分别为3.2％和12.2％。甲状腺良性肿瘤下降到37.9％,甲亢仍保持32.3％,甲状腺炎降到4.9％。居民食盐碘含量和目标人群尿碘分别增加到52.5ppm和572.0μg/L。结论 甲状腺毒症和甲状腺功能减退症的增加与盐中的碘过多有关。食盐加碘量应当调整使之达到推荐摄入量,调整依据是其它来源的碘量、每天食盐食用量和碘在盐中的丢失。

Objective To examine the effect of universal salt iodization (USI) on hospitalized thyroid diseases. Methods Hospital records for all thyroid diseases were reviewed using retrospective approach.Results 5 - 15 years after USI,the ratio of thyroid disease to total in - patient was 1.9‰ - 2.8‰, with an average of 2.2‰, the female/male ratio was 4.2. For those aged younger than 20 years or older than 60 years,ratios were 3.2% and 12.2% respectively.Thyroid tumor dropped to 37.9% , thyrotoxicosis persist in 32.3%, thyroiditis declined to 4. 9%. The iodine content of salt at household and the median concentration of urinary iodine rose respectively to 52.5 mg/kg and 572.0μg/L. Conclusions The increase of thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism because of excess iodine added to salt. The amount of iodine added in salt should be adjusted to recommended iodine intake, based on the amount of iodine from other sources, the daily intake of salt, and losses of iodine.