硫多金属矿床开采对水环境的影响——以福建大田地区矿产开发为例

Influence of the mining of sulfur-polymetallic deposits on the water environment-A case study of the mineral exploitationin the Datian area, Fujian

闽西大田地区矿床采选冶活动对水土生态环境系统造成了严重的破坏,矿区采选矿废水pH值、SO42-浓度远远超过水环境标准,选矿废水和接纳采选矿废水的河流水体中Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量大部分超过地面5类水标准,少部分超过4类水标准,矿区采选矿业废水是地表水金属污染的重要源头。矿业废水pH值与金属Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量具有明显的负相关关系,SO42-浓度与金属离子Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd浓度具有较一致的变化规律。提出整治硫多金属矿山环境污染,应坚持因地制宜、矿业资源开发与环境保护并重的方针,用石灰石碱性中和酸性废水,隔离覆盖尾矿矿堆,对废弃矿山植树种草进行生态修复,对效益低下的开采矿山退矿还林,对严重环境污染的矿山实行关闭,对新开矿山要进行科学规划开发。

The mining, beneficiation and smelting of ore deposits in the Datian area, western Fujian, have caused serious destruction in water and soil ecosystems. The pH and SO42-concentrations in waste water of mining and beneficiation by far exceed the standards of the water environment. The Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd contents in the waste water of mining and beneficiation and in river waters that receive the waste water of mining and beneficiation mostly exceed the standards of category 5 water on the ground surface and in a few cases exceed the standards of category 4 water. The waste water of mining and beneficiation in the ore district is an important source of metal pollutants that pollute surface water. The pH values of the waste water of the mineral industry have a distinct negative correlation with the contents of the Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd metals. The variation in SO42-concentration is relatively consistent with that in the ion concentrations of the metals Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd. The authors propose that to control the pollution of the environment of sulfur-polymetallic mines we should adhere to the principles of suiting measures to local conditions and carrying out mineral resources development and environmental protection simultaneously, and that it is advisable to use limestone to neutralize acid waste water, separate and cover tailing piles, plant trees and grow grass in abandoned mines and make ecological rehabilitation, return productive mines that have low benefits to forest, close down mines that cause serious pollution to the environment and make scientific planning of new producing mines.