小麦蛋白质含量和优质亚基遗传

Study on the Heredity of Wheat Grain Protein Content and Superb HMW Glutein Subunits

研究了小麦子粒蛋白质含量和优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对小麦品质的影响及其互作关系。结果表明,控制蛋白质含量的基因作用主要是以加性效应为主,也存在非加性效应,F1的蛋白质含量与双亲的蛋白质含量的平均值高度相关,蛋白质含量的一般配合力方差大于特殊配合力方差,F2子粒蛋白质含量的分离呈正态分布。在优质育种亲本选配上,一般配合力比特殊配合力更重要一些。普通小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基受遗传控制,不受环境影响,具有品种特性;其在F1中呈共显性和倾母遗传现象,在F2中遗传行为遵从孟德尔的基因独立分配和自由组合规律。在小麦品质改良中既要重视蛋白质的含量,更应重视蛋白质的质量,即数量和质量改良途径并重。

The genetic laws of wheat grain protein content (GPC) and superb HMW glutein subunits,and their impact to quality character had been studied. The result showed that the genes that control GPC transmitted to descendant mainly depend on additive effect,at the same time the non-additive effect exist too. The GPC of hybrid F1 highly is related to the average value of both parents,and the separate expression of GPC in descendant F2 appears hormal distribution. The variance of general combinning ability is more important than special ones in wheat quality breeding. The HMW glutein subunits is controlled by genetic laws,and have nothing to do with circumstance. All HMW - GS can be transmitted to the hybrid F1 as dominance from both parents was observed in reciprocal FI hybrids. They were inherited based on laws of gene independent assortment and free combination. In wheat quality improvement both content and quality of protein are equal important.