渭河和黄河下游河道冲淤特性研究

Study on Characteristics of Scouring and Deposition of lower channels of the Yellow River and the Weihe River

对渭河下游和黄河下游河道冲淤特性的研究情况进行了回顾,利用渭河下游和黄河下游实测资料对从非平衡输沙理论推导出的冲淤临界流量与含沙量关系进行了验证和对比。以此为基础,对河床冲淤特性做出了新的解释,即"相对大水冲刷、相对小水淤积"。按照来水来沙指标流量与含沙量的对比关系,将河床冲淤分成相对大水冲刷区、相对小水淤积区2个大区,或分为清水冲刷区(绝对大水冲刷区)、相对大水冲刷区、相对大小水冲淤临界区、相对小水淤积区、绝对小水淤积区5个小区。

The paper reviews the study on characteristics of scouring and deposition of the channels on the lower Weihe River and the lower Yellow River and verifies and compares the critical discharge of scouring and deposition derived from the theory of unbalanced sediment delivery by using the observed data of the lower Weihe River and the lower Yellow River with sediment concentration. Based on the above, it has a new explanation on characteristics of scouring and deposition of the river channel, i.e. 'scouring in relative major floods and silting up in relative smaller floods'. It divides the river channel into 2 main areas of scouring area in relative major floods and deposition area in relative smaller floods, or 5 sub-areas of clear water scouring area (absolute scouring area in major floods), scouring area in relative major floods, critical area of scouring and deposition in relative major and smaller floods, deposition area in relative smaller floods and absolute deposition area in smaller floods according to the relationship of index discharge of coming water and sediment and sediment concentration.