鄱阳湖流域重金属污染对湖区湿地生态功能的影响及防治对策

The Impaction and Prevention Countermeasure of Heavy Metal Pollution to the Poyang Lake Basins

鄱阳湖作为中国的第一大淡水湖,尤如一块巨大的天然碧玉与璀璨明珠镶嵌在江西的北部,成为世界瞩目的宝地,研究保护鄱阳湖湿地的生态功能及生态环境具有重要的现实意义。位于鄱阳湖流域信江中游的永平铜矿和乐安河中、下游的德兴铜矿,是我国著名的大型铜业基地,各金属矿床的开采已有相当长的历史。矿山开采产生的重金属污染已对鄱阳湖湿地的生态功能造成了一定的影响,其影响主要表现在对鄱阳湖局部区域的水环境质量、局部区域的渔业生产活动、农业生产活动及湿地自然保护区的生态环境及生物物种数造成了一定的影响;文中针对鄱阳湖流域的重金属污染现状提出了相应的防治对策及规划保护措施,为鄱阳湖流域的生态环境保护提供指导作用。

Being the largest freshwater lake in China,Poyang Lake is just like a great piece of savageness jasper and resplendent phearl which enchases in the North of Jiangxi Province,it has also become a piece of preciousness terra which focuses attention upon the world.It is very important to study and protect the wetland ecological function and environment of Poyang Lake.Xingjiang River and Lean River are both the branches of Poyang Lake,which are both drainage area of Poyang Lake.Yongping Mineral Factory which is located near in Xingjiang River and Dexing Mineral Factory which is located near Lena River are both the largest mineral factories in our country and also have long history.Heavy Metal comtamination such as Cu,Pb,Zn and so on which are originated from the exploitation of mine has influenced the ecological function of the wetland in Poyang Lake District,these main influences included the following four aspects:the quality of surface water;the production of fishery;agriculture and pasture;natural environment and the drainage area of Poyang Lake.In the paper,it is put forward the prevention and cure countermeasure and programming measures in order to provide the direction of protecting the environment of drainage area of Poyang Lake.