内蒙古中西部春季沙尘暴预测初探

Study of Climatic Factors and Prediction of Spring Dust Storms in Central-Western Inner Mongolia

利用 1 96 0～ 2 0 0 0年气象资料 ,对内蒙古中西部地区春季 ( 3～ 5月 )较大范围的沙尘暴发生频率作了统计 ,并根据该地区 4 0年春季降水的气候特点划分降水气候区。着眼于沙尘暴预测 ,分析前期或同期的天气和气候因素。结果表明 :春季降水偏少 ,冷空气活动频繁 ,沙尘暴发生频率偏高 ;前期西太平洋副热带高压面积的大小和强弱、青藏高原位势高度的高低、亚洲纬向环流的强弱、大西洋 -欧洲环流型日数和南方涛动的位相等气候因子 ,均对沙尘暴的发生有不同程度的影响 ,他们对春季该地区沙尘暴发生频率的预测均有参考意义。

The large scale spring dust storms (March—May) in central western Inner Mongolia are analyzed statistically by using meteorological data of 1961—2000. Based on the climatic features of precipitation, the whole region is divided into several parts in order to find the relationship between dust storms and rainfall. The results show that more dust storms are companied with less precipitation and more cold wave in springs. The subtropical high, the zonal circulation index of Asia, the 500hPa height of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau, Southern Oscillation, atmosphere circulation patterns of Atlantic Ocean Europe have some influence on dust storms.