现实主义与理想主义的国际安全观辨析

Analyzing Realism and Idealism Concepts of International Security

现实主义认为,在国际无政府状态下,每个国家都面临着“安全困境”,均势政策能最有效地解决因权势竞争造成的国际冲突和不稳定局面。也有一些现实主义学者认为,安全可以不通过均势而靠优势强权而获得。理想主义则倾向于强调国际关系中各国的共同利益、共同价值观念和共同规范保证了国际社会具有和谐的本质,其关于国际安全的见解是世界政府论、集体安全论、自由经济秩序有利于和平论以及民主和平论。国际关系两大理论流派都不能单独回答现实中的国际安全问题和寻求一种一劳永逸的解决办法,它们对国际安全的争鸣,都在不同程度上推动了国际安全理论和国际安全机制的构建。

The realism theory believes that every country faces its secure problems under the international anarchical conditions. It also believes the balance of power can solve the international conflict effectively. But some scholars believe that the international security can also be achieved by the great power not by the balance of power. The idealism theory believes that the international security only can be achieved by the common interest, value and criterion among different countries in the international relationship. The two theories can not answer and solve all the problems of the international security but they have promoted the development of the theory of the international security and the construction of the mechanism of the international security.